Fully Automated Fact Checking Using External Sources

Given the constantly growing proliferation of false claims online in recent years, there has been also a growing research interest in automatically distinguishing false rumors from factually true claims. Here, we propose a general-purpose framework for fully-automatic fact checking using external sources, tapping the potential of the entire Web as a knowledge source to confirm or reject a claim. Our framework uses a deep neural network with LSTM text encoding to combine semantic kernels with task-specific embeddings that encode a claim together with pieces of potentially-relevant text fragments from the Web, taking the source reliability into account. The evaluation results show good performance on two different tasks and datasets: (i) rumor detection and (ii) fact checking of the answers to a question in community question answering forums.Comment: RANLP-201

Sharp Estimates of the Embedding Constants for Besov Spaces

Sharp estimates are obtained for the rates of blow up of the norms of embeddings of Besov spaces in Lorentz spaces as the parameters approach critical values.Sharp estimates are obtained for the rates of blow up of the norms of embeddings of Besov spaces in Lorentz spaces as the parameters approach critical values

Preparation of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions (Catholyte/Anolyte) and Studying Their Physical-Chemical Properties

The electrochemical treatment of water by the electric current is a promising modern approach in the water disinfection technique, resulting in obtaining the electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) carrying new physical-chemical properties stipulated by changing of the electrochemical characteristics of water as ORP, Eh, pH. The electrochemically activated water solutions – the catholyte and anolyte can be used in medicine for treatment of various bacterial and viral diseases and in disinfection of water. The process of electrochemical water treatment includes several electrochemical processes associated with the transfer in a constant electric field the electrons, ions and other charged particles (electrolysis, electrophoresis, electroflotation, electrocoagulation), the main of which is the electrolysis of water. This article deals with the review of basic physical-chemical processes underlying the electrolysis of water and preparation of electrochemically activated water solutions (catholyte/anolyte) and studying their physical-chemical properties. The virucidal action of the anolyte and catolyte was studied on cell culture and suspensions of classical swine fever (CSF) virus. Keywords: electrochemical treatment of water, anolyte, catholyte, electrolysis, classical swine fever (CSF) virus

Studying the Virucidal and Biocidal Effects of Electrochemically Activited Anolyte and Catholyte Types of Water on Classical Swine Fever Virus (CSF) and Bactrerium E. coli DH5

This article outlines the results on the antimicrobial action of electrochemically activated water solutions (anolyte/catholyte). The two types of water solutions are produced in the anode and cathode chamber of the electrolitic cell, respectively. Under laboratory conditions a strain of E. coli DH5, as well as the cell culture and organ suspensions of сlassical swine fever virus (CSF) were treated with the anolyte and the catholyte. By inoculating them with cell cultures the viral presence (the presence of viral antigen) was measured using the immunoperoxidase technique. It was found that anolyte did not affect the growth of the cell culture PK-15; the viral growth in the infection of a cell monolayer with a cell culture CSF virus was affected in the greatest degree by the anolyte in 1:1 dilution and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection of a cell suspension with the cell culture of the CSF virus was affected by the anolyte in dilution 1:1 in the greatest degree, and less by other dilutions; whereas the viral growth at the infection with the CSF in suspension of the cell monolayer was affected by the anolyte in all applied dilutions. Unexpectedly, the stronger biocidal effect of the catholyte was observed when a strain of E. coli DH5 was treated by anolyte and catholyte, respectively. In order to provide additional data about the antiviral activity of the catholyte and the anolyte, and the distribution of H2O molecules according to the energies of hydrogen bonds, the non-equilibrium energy spectrum (NES) and diferential non-equilibrium energy spectrum (DNES) of anolyte and catholyte were measured. Keywords: anolyte, catholyte, cell culture, CSF virus, disinfection, NES, DNES

Fact Checking in Community Forums

Community Question Answering (cQA) forums are very popular nowadays, as they represent effective means for communities around particular topics to share information. Unfortunately, this information is not always factual. Thus, here we explore a new dimension in the context of cQA, which has been ignored so far: checking the veracity of answers to particular questions in cQA forums. As this is a new problem, we create a specialized dataset for it. We further propose a novel multi-faceted model, which captures information from the answer content (what is said and how), from the author profile (who says it), from the rest of the community forum (where it is said), and from external authoritative sources of information (external support). Evaluation results show a MAP value of 86.54, which is 21 points absolute above the baseline.Comment: AAAI-2018; Fact-Checking; Veracity; Community-Question Answering; Neural Networks; Distributed Representation